The oldest museum in the country, installed in a palace built with money from slavery, the National Museum was once the emperor’s residence, and housed the largest collection in Latin America, with 20 million pieces. In 2018, the building was almost entirely destroyed in a fire, which showed Brazil how the national historic heritage needs to be protected, financed and valued. The National Museum turns 205 this Tuesday (6). Linked to the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), it was founded by D. João VI in 1818. The collection of 20 million items ranged from prehistoric animal skeletons to mummies from Ancient Egypt, including collections of rocks, plants , rare books and utensils from different societies. Events related to the institution were always followed by the vehicles of Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC). Two TV Brasil programs take viewers to discover a collection that no longer exists in the way it was portrayed, since September 2, 2018, when the fire destroyed most of its collection. One of them is from the program Expedições: The other is an episode of the series Knowing Museums, which showed more than 50 Brazilian institutions of the most varied sizes and themes on TV: In the year of the fire, the atmosphere was festive: the National Museum was celebrating 200 years of existence. The institution was honored by Imperatriz Leopoldinense – and Rádio Nacional talked to carnival artist Cahê Rodrigues: And in the month before the tragedy, Agência Brasil publicized the reopening of a theater. Until, on the 2nd of September, the fire hits the Museum. From ruins to recovery The coverage of EBC vehicles was intense in all the stages that followed the fire. Representatives of scientific entities were heard to analyze the case. The deputy director of the National Museum at the time, Cristiana Serejo, detailed, to the Arte Clube program, how precarious the institution’s fire-fighting system was: Radio journalism broadened the discussion to the fragile state of other museums in the country. And the program Caminhos da Reportagem, on TV Brasil, made a retrospective of the fire and delved into the history of the institution and its collection: The National Museum team worked to unearth what they had already discovered in their regions of origin. The excavation, now, was in the ruins of the institution. And the work paid off. EBC accompanied the recovery of part of the collection. The Rádio Nacional da Amazônia program, Natureza Viva, celebrated the rescue of Luzia’s skull, the oldest human fossil in the Americas: The recovery work yielded a book released in 2021. And four years after the fire, in a reinvention phase , the team, used to digging for history, buried fragments of the memory of our time for future scholars. This year, the EBC continues to accompany the recovery process of the National Museum. Although restored pieces are already on display and the facade, for example, has already been delivered, the forecast for reopening the space is for 2026. It is still necessary to raise BRL 400 million to finish the work, as shown by TV Brasil: Dates environmental This week also marks the celebration of two dates set up to promote discussions and mobilize countries on issues such as preservation of ecosystems and climate change. On June 5, 1972, the United Nations (UN) established World Environment Day. The entity always promotes topics that generate debate on the date. Viva Maria has already heard a UN representative talk about biodiversity: On June 8, it is the turn of World Oceans Day, a commemoration established in 1992 during Eco-92, or the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro. História Hoje, distributed by Radioagência Nacional, tells this story: The Viva Maria program also highlighted the date on several occasions, such as here and here. And TV Brasil, on the program Ciência é Tudo, dives into the science of the oceans so that viewers learn more about the richness of the seas: This week there is also the International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression, celebrated this Sunday (4), and the National Press Freedom Day, next Wednesday (7). Symbol of Cangaço 125 years ago, on the 4th of June, baptism records indicate that the most famous cangaceiros were born: Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, from Pernambuco, or Lampião. The program Na Trilha da História, on Rádio Nacional, has two episodes in which it addresses the universe of Cangaço and Lampião. In one of them, journalist and writer Wagner Barreira, author of Lampião e Maria Bonita – Uma História de amor e bullets, tells how Virgulino entered the Brazilian imagination as a hero: In the other edition, the focus of the interview with Adriana Negreiros is the companion by Lampião, Maria Bonita, and the story of the women of Cangaço, the cangaceiros with whom they interacted and, of course, the illustrious man from Pernambuco whose birthday is on the 4th: TV Brasil has also recorded memories of their daughter, Expedita , and how she was handed over to another family to raise. Other births and deaths This week also saw the birth of Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca (125 years ago); General José Doroteo Arango, known as Pancho Villa (145 years ago), a commander in the Mexican Revolution; and British economist John Maynard Keynes (140 years ago) – all on June 5th. As for the deaths of distinguished people this week, we have Robert Kennedy, senator assassinated in the United States on June 6th; and Emperor Nero, accused of burning Rome. Corpus Christi A religious celebration that in 2023 falls this week, on June 8, is Corpus Christi. The date also represents rest for many people, as the day is considered optional. Check the weekly list* of Hoje é Dia with dates, historical facts and holidays: June 4th to 10th, 2023 4 Birth of composer Arlindo Marques Junior (55 years old) Birth of businessman from São Paulo Antônio Ermírio de Moraes (95 years old) – president of the Votorantim group Death of the Venetian writer and adventurer Giacomo Casanova (225 years old) Birth of the Pernambucan cangaceiro leader Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, or Lampião (125 years old) International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression – commemoration instituted by the UN in its Resolution E-08 /07 August 19, 1982, supported by UNICEF 5 Birth of Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca (125 years old) Birth of British economist John Maynard Keynes (140 years old) – his ideas fundamentally changed theory and practice of macroeconomics, as well as the economic policies instituted by governments Birth of the Mexican general José Doroteo Arango, Pancho Villa (145 years old) – was one of the best-known generals and commanders of the Mexican Revolution Birth of the singer, composer and actor from Minas Gerais Ivo José Curi, o Ivon Curi (95 years old) World Environment Day – international celebration, which was instituted by the 27th session of the UN General Assembly in Resolution No. 2994 of December 15, 1972 6 Death of American politician Robert Francis Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy ( 55 years) – the senator was murdered in a hotel in Los Angeles Foundation of the National Museum (205 years) – oldest scientific institution in Brazil and the largest museum of natural and anthropological history in Latin America; it was created by Dom João VI and, initially, it was headquartered in Campo de Sant’Anna under the name of the Royal Museum; was incorporated into the University of Brazil in 1946 and is currently part of the academic structure of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 7 Birth of the American singer Prince Rogers Nelson, the Prince (65 years old) National Press Freedom Day 8 World Oceans Day – commemoration established in 1992 during the “Eco92” or “Earth Summit” or “Rio Conference” on Environment, in order to emphasize the importance of all products supplied by the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean 9 Death of the Roman Emperor Nero Cláudio César Augusto Germânico, Nero (1955 years) National Day of Anchieta – celebrated by Brazilians, according to Decree Nº 55,588 of January 18, 1965 and Law Nº 5,196 of December 24, 1966, which must be celebrated in primary and secondary schools in Brazil with lectures alluding to the life and work of Anchieta International Archives Day – celebrated to mark the date of creation of the International Council of Archives, which was instituted by UNESCO on June 9, 1948, when takes advantage of the date of the celebration to promote the value of archival institutions in the service of research, culture, memory, and transparency 10 The launch of the geological robot Spirit to Mars (20 years) The FIFA World Cup begins , in France (25 years old) World Alcoholics Anonymous Day – celebrated to mark what is traditionally seen as the founding date of the Self-Help group of men and women who share their addiction to alcoholic beverages, which took place in the US city from Akron OH-USA on June 10, 1935 *The dates are selected by the research team of the Efemérides Project, from the Collection Management of Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), which brings themes related to culture, history, science and personalities, always emphasizing national and regional landmarks. The Collection Management also responds to research requests from the external public. Just send an email to [email protected].
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