After two years of the pandemic, in 2021, one in four young Brazilians aged 15 to 29, equivalent to 25.8%, was neither studying nor busy. More than half – 62.5% – are women. The data are part of the Summary of Social Indicators (SIS): an analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population in 2022, released today (2), in Rio de Janeiro, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). According to the publication, due to lack of experience, young people are the ones who face the greatest difficulty both in entering and remaining in the job market. They represent the group most vulnerable to periods of economic crisis, especially the less qualified. In 2021, of the 12.7 million young people between 15 and 29 years of age who were neither studying nor employed in Brazil, women of color or black or brown race represented 5.3 million of these young people (41.9%), while white women formed less than half of that amount: 2.6 million (20.5%), totaling 7.9 million women or 62.5% of young people who were neither studying nor employed. Among the 4.7 million young people remaining in this situation, three million were black or brown men (24.3%), according to the IBGE classification, and 1.6 million were white (12.5%). The survey indicated that the pandemic did not change the composition of this indicator by race or gender. SIS shows that different gender roles in society influence the reason why young men and women find themselves in the situation of not studying or being busy. Men tend to be in this situation more often as unemployed, that is, looking for a job and available to work, whereas women are outside the workforce. Children Several factors are responsible for women who neither studied nor were employed being in greater proportion outside the workforce, among them, responsibilities with the care of children stand out, according to the publication. In turn, health problems and other reasons prevail among men who neither studied nor were busy outside the labor force. “Women, for the most part, were out of the workforce. They weren’t idle, they weren’t looking for a job and available to work, as is the case with most men,” said IBGE researcher Betina Fresneda. “This situation is ratified with the investigation of the reasons why women are in this situation and, as the main reason, care and household chores appear, as well as in other countries that investigate these reasons”, she added. This index reduced in 2021 compared to 2020, when 28% of young people were neither studying nor working. In 2020, among the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Brazil had the third highest percentage of young adults who were neither studying nor busy, behind only South Africa and Colombia. Occupancy level Considering all age groups from 14 years old, the occupancy level in Brazil rose from 51% in 2020 to 52.1% in 2021, but is still well below 2019, 56.4%. This indicator considers both those who have an employment relationship, as well as employees without a formal contract and self-employed workers. The study also shows that, in 2021, the difference in occupation between men and women increased. Even at a lower level, the level and occupation of women were lower in 2020 and grew less in 2021, widening the gap between the sexes. In 2019, before the pandemic, 66.8% of men and 46.7% of women over 14 years old were employed. In 2021, the occupation level of men fell by 3.7 percentage points (pp) to 63.1%, while the occupation level of women decreased by 4.8 pp to 41.9%. Regarding race, the black or brown employed population is 19% higher than the white population. However, there is a significant difference in relation to the employment relationship – informality is greater among black and brown people – and remuneration. In 2021, the increase in informal occupations was 1.6 pp for people of color or black or brown race and 0.9 pp for people of color or white race. Regarding income, the total difference is 69.4% between blacks and browns and whites. SIS gathers indicators that help in a broad knowledge of the social reality in Brazil. The publication uses data from IBGE surveys such as the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Pnad) and the Survey of Basic Municipal Information, in addition to data from external sources such as the Ministry of Health and the National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS), and information from international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Agência Brasil
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